“Sarcopenia,
that is, muscle wasting, and osteoporosis,
that
is, fragile bone disease, are significant health burdens
among
the postmenopausal women. The prevalence of sarcopenia
has
been reported to be 10% to 40% in postmenopausal
population
depending on the reference method used and the population.
Osteoporosis
affects approximately 30% of (the) female
population
over
50 years (of age). Sarcopenia results in decline in activities of
daily
living, quality of life, and self-rated health and increases falls and related
skeletal
fractures which have been estimated to have deep impact of social
and
healthcare-related costs of the postmenopausal population.”
“The
present paper focuses on similarities in acquired
factors
associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis and
sarcopenia
concentrating on decades after the menopausal
transition.
Consequently, essential aspects on the effects of
aging
on sarcopenia and osteoporosis will be covered.”
“Postmenopausal
women are at risk of both osteoporosis
and
sarcopenia. There is evidence that these two conditions
coexists
and share similar risk factors. Both sarcopenia
and
osteoporosis are strongly linked not only to aging
but
also to estrogen depletion and thereby to menopausal
transition.
This makes the postmenopausal population a
significant
target group for prevention of both sarcopenia
and
osteoporosis.”
“While
the associations between muscle strength, muscle
mass,
and functional capacity with clinically relevant endpoint
of
osteoporosis, that is, BMD and fractures, have been
reported,
there are no studies addressing the associations
between
three stages of clinical sarcopenia, that is, presarcopenia,
sarcopenia,
and severe sarcopenia. The associations
of
the three modalities of sarcopenia with osteopenia,
osteoporosis,
and severe osteoporosis remain unexplored.
An
essential part of the diagnosis of both osteoporosis
and
sarcopenia includes DXA, which allows simultaneous
assessment
of both conditions. The future research should
concentrate
on exploring the clinically relevant dimensions
and
interactions of sarcopenia and osteoporosis.”
To
read the full review article by Joonas
Sirola and
Heikki Kröger:
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